Experts Aim to Understand Japan's Successes Against the Coronavirus
2022-01-03
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1Many countries around the world are dealing with their worst coronavirus outbreaks yet.
2But one country, Japan, is seeing very few COVID-19 infections.
3Observers are trying to learn why.
4As recently as late summer, Japan's coronavirus situation was not good.
5Deaths linked to COVID-19 were being reported each day.
6Hospitals were filled with coronavirus patients.
7In September, Japan sped up its vaccination campaign.
8The country saw a large drop in the number of reported cases.
9The number of deaths also sharply decreased.
10Since then, the situation has continued to improve.
11 In December, Japan has reported an average of less than one COVID-19 death a day.
12That is a shockingly low number for a country of 126 million people.
13No one knows exactly why Japan has experienced such success.
14There are many possible explanations.
15Nearly 80 percent of Japan's population is fully vaccinated.
16Nearly everyone wears masks.
17And, even after the government ended some restrictions this autumn, people continued to socially distance themselves.
18Some researchers have pointed to Japan's low rates of obesity.
19Several recent studies have found that COVID-19 is more severe in overweight individuals.
20Cultural customs may also play a part.
21For example, Japanese do not generally kiss, hug, or even shake hands when they meet.
22Many Japanese are also quiet in public settings, notes Kentaro Iwata.
23He is an infectious disease specialist at Japan's Kobe University.
24"Masking and keeping silent in public places is very important [for fighting the virus].
25Everybody knows it, but practicing it can be very difficult in some parts of the world, maybe due to cultural reasons," Iwata said to VOA by email.
26Those reasons, however, do not explain why nearby South Korea is dealing with its worst COVID-19 outbreak yet.
27South Korea shares many of the same cultural customs.
28Another possible explanation is that Japan is testing fewer people than other countries, said Kenji Shibuya.
29He is an epidemiologist and researcher at the Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research.
30In the first half of December, Japan tested an average of 44,623 people a day, according to government data.
31South Korea, whose population is less than half that of Japan, carried out an average of 238,901 tests a day during the same period, according to official data.
32Because of Japan's lack of testing, it is difficult to believe that official case numbers represent reality, Shibuya told VOA in an email.
33However, if a lack of testing were the reason, Japan would have likely seen a rise in the number of hospitalizations or deaths.
34Because there is not any clear explanation, some researchers have tried to search for a so-called X-factor.
35One study even suggested many Japanese people share a genetic feature linked to white blood cells that helps fight against COVID-19.
36Others think that the coronavirus version spreading in Japan may have changed itself so much it is disappearing.
37But, the battle is not over, said Shibuya.
38He said he still expects the country to see a winter wave of infections.
39Japan identified its first cases of community spread of the omicron version of the virus.
40Scientists have said omicron spreads much faster than any earlier version of the virus.
41Officials say many of those found to be infected with omicron in Japan have no recent history of foreign travel.
42I'm Ashley Thompson.
1Many countries around the world are dealing with their worst coronavirus outbreaks yet. But one country, Japan, is seeing very few COVID-19 infections. Observers are trying to learn why. 2As recently as late summer, Japan's coronavirus situation was not good. Deaths linked to COVID-19 were being reported each day. Hospitals were filled with coronavirus patients. 3In September, Japan sped up its vaccination campaign. The country saw a large drop in the number of reported cases. The number of deaths also sharply decreased. 4Since then, the situation has continued to improve. In December, Japan has reported an average of less than one COVID-19 death a day. That is a shockingly low number for a country of 126 million people. No one knows exactly why Japan has experienced such success. 5There are many possible explanations. Nearly 80 percent of Japan's population is fully vaccinated. Nearly everyone wears masks. And, even after the government ended some restrictions this autumn, people continued to socially distance themselves. 6Some researchers have pointed to Japan's low rates of obesity. Several recent studies have found that COVID-19 is more severe in overweight individuals. 7Cultural customs may also play a part. For example, Japanese do not generally kiss, hug, or even shake hands when they meet. 8Many Japanese are also quiet in public settings, notes Kentaro Iwata. He is an infectious disease specialist at Japan's Kobe University. 9"Masking and keeping silent in public places is very important [for fighting the virus]. Everybody knows it, but practicing it can be very difficult in some parts of the world, maybe due to cultural reasons," Iwata said to VOA by email. 10Those reasons, however, do not explain why nearby South Korea is dealing with its worst COVID-19 outbreak yet. South Korea shares many of the same cultural customs. 11Another possible explanation is that Japan is testing fewer people than other countries, said Kenji Shibuya. He is an epidemiologist and researcher at the Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research. 12In the first half of December, Japan tested an average of 44,623 people a day, according to government data. South Korea, whose population is less than half that of Japan, carried out an average of 238,901 tests a day during the same period, according to official data. 13Because of Japan's lack of testing, it is difficult to believe that official case numbers represent reality, Shibuya told VOA in an email. 14However, if a lack of testing were the reason, Japan would have likely seen a rise in the number of hospitalizations or deaths. 15Because there is not any clear explanation, some researchers have tried to search for a so-called X-factor. One study even suggested many Japanese people share a genetic feature linked to white blood cells that helps fight against COVID-19. Others think that the coronavirus version spreading in Japan may have changed itself so much it is disappearing. 16But, the battle is not over, said Shibuya. He said he still expects the country to see a winter wave of infections. 17Japan identified its first cases of community spread of the omicron version of the virus. Scientists have said omicron spreads much faster than any earlier version of the virus. Officials say many of those found to be infected with omicron in Japan have no recent history of foreign travel. 18I'm Ashley Thompson. 19William Gallo reported this story from Seoul for VOA News. Ashley Thompson adapted it for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter, Jr. was the editor. 20_________________________________________________ 21Words in This Story 22outbreak - n. a sudden occurrence of disease breaking out 23obesity -n. the state of being overweight in an unhealthy way 24hug -v. to put your arms around someone especially as a way of showing love or friendship 25practice -v. to do something regularly as part of ordinary life 26due to -adj. because of something 27epidemiologist -n. a person who studies how disease spreads and can be controlled 28according to -prep.as stated, as reported somewhere 29X-factor -n. an unusual and notable quality that makes something stand out 30feature -n. a quality, some notable difference